This is where the intervertebral disc is located. There is an intervertebral disc space between vertebral bodies. Between the vertebral bodies, articulation also occurs.If the articular processes are oriented in a dorsal/ventral plane or vertically oriented (e.g., caudal thoracic, lumbar), then dorsal/ventral flexion can occur.If there is horizontal orientation of the articular processes (e.g., cervical, cranial thoracic), then lateral flexion can occur.Joint orientation impacts the directional mobility of a given segment of the vertebral column: The articulations are synovial joints, while the articular facets are the articular surface of these processes. The cranial and caudal articular processes are the projections which allow for articulation between adjacent vertebrae.Vertebral bodies are bound together by fibrocartilagenous intervertebral discs while the arches are bound together by articular processes ( cranial and caudal) that form synovial joints.A vertebral foramen is formed between the body and arch. The vertebral canal contains the spinal cord it is formed by the vertebral foramina (space under the arch) of successive vertebrae.The arch has a spinous process dorsally and transverse processes laterally.
The arch is formed by pedicles and a lamina.Most vertebrae have a cylindrical body that lies ventral to the arch.Veterinary Gross Anatomy Ungulate Dissection (Cervical and Thoracic Labs 8-10)Ī5.1 Identify and describe the structures of a typical vertebra and the distinctive features of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae compare the general structure of the ribs in equine and bovine.Related Supplemental Large Animal Surgery links: LAS Abscesses LAS Local anesthesia LAS Esophageal anatomy and surgery Esophageal obstruction LAS Temporary tracheotomy LAS Tracheal disorders LAS Lymphosarcoma LAS Pleural space disorders.Associated Clinician topics: bovine respiratory disease (BRD), traumatic reticulopericarditis (TRP) – (The most relevant objectives: A5.4, A5.5, A5.6, A7.5).NOTE: Application and dissection terms are bolded, Clinical Notes are bold red in this eBook
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